Forensic Science Courses, Training, Internship, Workshop

Paper I
Unit-I: Teaching Aptitude Syllabus
- Teaching: Concept, Objectives, Levels of teaching (Memory, Understanding and Reflective), Characteristics and basic requirements.
- Learner’s characteristics: Characteristics of adolescent and adult learners (Academic, Social, Emotional and Cognitive), Individual differences.
- Factors affecting teaching related to Teacher, Learner, Support material, Instructional facilities, Learning environment and Institution.
- Methods of teaching in Institutions of higher learning: Teacher centred vs. Learner-centred methods; offline vs. Online methods (Swayam, Swayamprabha, MOOCs etc.).
- Teaching Support System: Traditional, Modern and ICT based.
- Evaluation Systems: Elements and Types of evaluation, Evaluation in Choice Based Credit System in Higher education, Computer-based testing, Innovations in evaluation systems.
Unit-II: Research Aptitude Syllabus
- Research: Meaning, Types, and Characteristics, Positivism and Postpositivistic approach to research.
- Methods of Research: Experimental, Descriptive, Historical, Qualitative and Quantitative Methods, Steps of Research.
- Thesis and Article writing: Format and styles of referencing.
- Application of ICT in research.
- Research ethics.
Unit-III Comprehension Syllabus
- A passage of text is given. Questions are asked from the passage to be answered.
Unit-IV: Communication
- Communication: Meaning, types and characteristics of communication.
- Effective communication: Verbal and Non-verbal, Inter-Cultural and group communications, Classroom communication.
- Barriers to effective communication.
- Mass-Media and Society.
Unit-V: Mathematical Reasoning and Aptitude Syllabus
- Types of reasoning.
- Number series, Letter series, Codes and Relationships.
- Mathematical Aptitude (Fraction, Time & Distance, Ratio, Proportion and Percentage, Profit and Loss, Interest and Discounting, Averages etc.).
Unit-VI: Logical Reasoning Syllabus
- Understanding the structure of arguments: argument forms, the structure of categorical propositions, Mood and Figure, Formal and Informal fallacies, Uses of language, Connotations and denotations of terms, Classical square of opposition.
- Evaluating and distinguishing deductive and inductive reasoning.
- Analogies.
- Venn diagram: Simple and multiple uses for establishing the validity of arguments.
- Indian Logic: Means of knowledge.
- Pramanas: Pratyaksha (Perception), Anumana (Inference), Upamana (Comparison), Shabda (Verbal testimony), Arthapatti (Implication) and Anupalabddhi (Non-apprehension).
- Structure and kinds of Anumana (inference), Vyapti (invariable relation), Hetvabhasas (fallacies of inference).
Unit-VII: Data Interpretation Syllabus
- Sources, acquisition and classification of Data.
- Quantitative and Qualitative Data.
- Graphical representation (Bar-chart, Histograms, Pie-chart, Table-chart and Line-chart) and mapping of Data.
- Data Interpretation.
- Data and Governance.
Unit-VIII: Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Syllabus
- ICT: General abbreviations and terminology.
- Basics of the Internet, Intranet, E-mail, Audio and Video-conferencing.
- Digital initiatives in higher education.
- ICT and Governance.
Unit-IX: People, Development and Environment Syllabus
- Development and environment: Millennium development and Sustainable development goals.
- Human and environment interaction: Anthropogenic activities and their impacts on the environment.
- Environmental issues: Local, Regional and Global; Air pollution, Water pollution, Soil pollution, Noise pollution, Waste (solid, liquid, biomedical, hazardous, electronic), Climate change and its Socio-Economic and Political dimensions.
- Impacts of pollutants on human health.
- Natural and energy resources: Solar, Wind, Soil, Hydro, Geothermal, Biomass, Nuclear and Forests.
- Natural hazards and disasters: Mitigation strategies.
- Environmental Protection Act (1986), National Action Plan on Climate Change, International agreements/efforts -Montreal Protocol, Rio Summit, Convention on Biodiversity, Kyoto Protocol, Paris Agreement, International Solar Alliance.
Unit-X: Higher Education System Syllabus
- Institutions of higher learning and education in ancient India.
- Evolution of higher learning and research in Post Independence India.
- Oriental, Conventional and Non-conventional learning programmes in India.
- Professional, Technical and Skill-Based education.
- Value education and environmental education.
- Policies, Governance, and Administration.
Paper II (Forensic Science)
Unit – I
- Forensic Science: Definition, History & Development, Scope, Ethics in Forensic Science
- Physical Evidence: Nature, Types, Search methods, Collection, Preservation, Packing & Forwarding of Physical & Trace evidence for forensic analyses, Chain of Custody
- Crime Scene: Nature, Types, Preservation of Scene of Crime
- Criminal Investigations: Unnatural deaths, Criminal assaults, Sexual offenses, Poisoning, Vehicular accidents
- Courts: Types, powers, and jurisdiction, Admissibility of evidence in Courts, Definition of Experts, Provisions in Cr. P.C.,1973 & Indian Evidence Act relating to experts & their reports; Court Procedures about Expert Testimony & Witness
- Organization of Forensic Science Laboratories of Centre and State, NCRB, and NICFS Fundamental Rights: Right of Equality (Articles 14 to 18) and Right of Freedom (Articles 19 to 22) as per the Constitution of India
- Criminal Profiling: Profile of victim and culprit, its role in crime the investigation, Lie detection (Polygraphy), Narco analysis, Brain mapping, scope, and limitations
- Concept of quality control management in Forensic institutions
Unit – II
- Microscopy: Polarizing, Comparison, Stereoscopic, Fluorescent, and Electron Microscopes
- Spectrophotometry: UV, Visible, IR, Raman, Atomic absorption, Emission Neutron Activation Analysis X – rays and x-ray-based techniques such as XRD, XRF Mass Spectroscopy
- Chromatographic Techniques: TLC, GLC, HPLC,HPTLC
- Hyphenated Techniques: GC-MS, LC-MS, IR-MS, and ICP-MS
- Electrophoresis: High and Low voltage electrophoresis, Immunoelectrophoresis Immunoassays: Principle, Types, Techniques, and applications
Unit – III
- Detection and Identification of Bloodstains
- Determination of Species of Origin
- Blood Group Systems
- Techniques of Determination of Blood groups of Blood Stains
- Detection of Seminal and other body fluids and their Blood
- Grouping, Red cells Enzymes, Serum Proteins of forensic significance
- Disputed Paternity & Maternity
- DNA: Structure, DNA as a genetic marker, DNA Extraction and Profiling Techniques
- DNA Phenotyping and RNA Profiling & their applications
- Wildlife Forensics: Wildlife (Protection) Act,1972, Scope, Evidence and Identification
Unit – IV
- Analysis of Ethyl alcohol in beverages, liquors, biological fluids, and breath
- Analysis of Methanol and Denaturants
- Illicit liquors
- Analysis of Chemicals in Trap Cases
- Metabolism and Chemical examination of Insecticides & Pesticides, Tranquillizers & Sedatives, Hypnotics
- Stimulants, Narcotics, Opiates, Drugs of abuse; Analyses of above
- and their Toxicity
- Plant poisons
- Metallic Poisons
- Extraction, Isolation & Clean-up procedures, Identification of common poisons from viscera, tissues, and body fluids
Unit – V
- Firearms: Types, Classification, Ammunition, and their Compositions
- Forensic examination of Firearms, Ammunition, Firearms projectiles (Bullets, Shots, Slug, etc.), Shell case
- Gunshot residues analysis
- Concept of Velocity, Penetration, Dispersion, Ricochet, Accidental Discharge, Determination of Range in firearm cases
- Examination of Country made firearms
- Basics of Internal, External, and Terminal Ballistics
- Tool marks: Meaning, Types, and Examination
- Restoration of Erased Markings on Metal Surfaces
Unit – VI
- Fire and Arson: Analyses of Petroleum Products and other incendiary materials
- Explosives: Definition, Types, and Analyses
- Bombs: Country-made bombs, Improvised Explosive Devices ( IEDs ), and their examination
- Investigation in Explosion and Arson related cases
- Photography: Types, application in criminal investigation & Forensic evidence examination
Unit – VII
- Hair & Fibers: Nature, Types, Structure, and Examination
- Pollens and Diatoms: Their application in Forensic investigation
- Dust & Soil: Nature, Types, Forensic Examination
- Paint, Lacquer & Varnishes: Nature, composition, and forensic examination
- Glass: Composition, Types, Fractures, Examination
- Cement, Mortar, and Concrete: General Composition, Forensic Analysis
- Computer Forensics: Introduction, Types of Computer crimes, Digital evidence- Seizure, Acquisition, and Forensic examination
- Mobile Phone Forensics
Unit – VIII
- Fingerprints: History, Characteristics, Types, Classification, Preservation, Development, Lifting and Comparison, Examination of Chance Prints, Computerization of Fingerprints, AFIS
- Track Marks: Foot Prints, Shoe Prints, Tire Marks, Their Preservation & Casting, Comparison, Skid marks. Gait pattern
- Biometric Systems of Identification and their relevance
- Voice Analysis: Introduction, Significance, Structure of Human Voice apparatus, Voice spectrography, Voice analysis, Legal aspects, and limitations
Unit – IX
- Documents: Definition, Types, Preliminary examination of documents
- Reproduction of documents through photographic and mechanical means and their examination
- Examination of Alterations such as Erasures, Obliterations & Additions
- Indentations, Secret writings, and Charred documents
- Inks, Papers, and their scientific examinations with modern methods
- Age of documents
- Examination of Typescripts, Printed matter including currency notes and lottery tickets. Mechanical impressions
- Hand writings: Class and Individual characteristics of Handwritings, Factors affecting handwritings, Standard samples for comparison, Comparison of hand-written texts
- Anonymous and disguised writings
- Identification of handwriting, signatures, detection of forged signatures and forgeries
- Examination of Credit Cards and Similar materials
Unit –X
- Modes & Manner of deaths, Sexual offences, and their medicolegal importance, Amendments in law related to sexual offenses
- Post – mortem examination and Post – mortem changes, Estimation of time since death
- Injuries & Wounds: Types, Medicolegal importance, Gunshot wounds
- Determination of Species of Origin, Sex, Age, Stature, and individual identification through skeletal remains
- Identification through Skull superimposition and facial reconstruction
- Human dentition, Type of teeth, determination of Age, Bite marks
- Forensic Entomology: Introduction, Insects of forensic importance, Insects on Carrion, Forensic applications

Course Introduction

UGC NET Learning Program

Instructors

Dr. Ranjeet Singh

Phaneendar B N

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